在沼氣處理過程中，脫硫是保障沼氣品質(zhì)與后續(xù)利用的關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)，而生物脫硫憑借高效、環(huán)保的特點被廣泛應(yīng)用。這一技術(shù)的核心在于利用特定微生物將沼氣中的硫化物轉(zhuǎn)化為無害物質(zhì)，因此，培養(yǎng)這些功能微生物就成為生物脫硫系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定運行的基礎(chǔ)。

　　In the process of biogas treatment, desulfurization is a key link to ensure the quality and subsequent utilization of biogas, and biological desulfurization is widely used due to its high efficiency and environmental friendliness. The core of this technology is to use specific microorganisms to convert sulfides in biogas into harmless substances. Therefore, cultivating these functional microorganisms becomes the foundation for the stable operation of biological desulfurization systems.

　　適合沼氣脫硫的微生物主要是化能自養(yǎng)型菌類，它們能以硫化氫等硫化物為能量來源，在氧氣參與下將其氧化為硫酸鹽或單質(zhì)硫。常見的有硫桿菌屬，如氧化硫硫桿菌、排硫硫桿菌等，這類微生物對環(huán)境適應(yīng)性較強，是生物脫硫系統(tǒng)中的主要功能菌群。

　　The microorganisms suitable for biogas desulfurization are mainly chemoautotrophic bacteria, which can use hydrogen sulfide and other sulfides as energy sources to oxidize them into sulfates or elemental sulfur with the participation of oxygen. Common species include sulfur oxidizing bacteria, sulfur excreting bacteria, etc. These microorganisms have strong adaptability to the environment and are the main functional microbial groups in biological desulfurization systems.

　　生物培養(yǎng)需營造適宜的生存環(huán)境。溫度方面，多數(shù)脫硫微生物在中溫環(huán)境（25-35℃）下活性最高，溫度過高或過低都會抑制其代謝能力，因此需通過溫控裝置將反應(yīng)體系溫度穩(wěn)定在這一區(qū)間。pH 值則需維持在 6.0-8.0 的中性至弱堿性范圍，酸性過強會影響微生物的酶活性，可通過添加緩沖劑調(diào)節(jié)體系酸堿度。此外，氧氣含量需嚴格控制，既要有足夠的氧氣供微生物進行氧化反應(yīng)，又不能過量導(dǎo)致沼氣中甲烷等有效成分被消耗，通常將氧濃度控制在 1%-5% 為宜。

　　Biological cultivation requires creating a suitable living environment. In terms of temperature, most desulfurization microorganisms have the highest activity in a medium temperature environment (25-35 ℃), and high or low temperatures can inhibit their metabolic ability. Therefore, it is necessary to stabilize the reaction system temperature in this range through a temperature control device. The pH value needs to be maintained within the neutral to weakly alkaline range of 6.0-8.0. Excessive acidity can affect the enzyme activity of microorganisms, and the pH of the system can be adjusted by adding buffering agents. In addition, the oxygen content needs to be strictly controlled. There should be sufficient oxygen for microorganisms to carry out oxidation reactions, and excessive consumption of effective components such as methane in biogas should not be caused. Generally, the oxygen concentration should be controlled at 1% -5%.

　　培養(yǎng)過程可分為接種、馴化和穩(wěn)定三個階段。接種階段需選取含目標微生物的菌源，如污水處理廠的活性污泥、硫磺礦附近的土壤或成熟脫硫系統(tǒng)的菌液，將其按一定比例投入反應(yīng)裝置，同時加入適量的營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)，如氮源（氯化銨、尿素）和磷源（磷酸二氫鉀），滿足微生物生長需求。

　　The cultivation process can be divided into three stages: inoculation, domestication, and stabilization. During the inoculation stage, it is necessary to select bacterial sources containing target microorganisms, such as activated sludge from sewage treatment plants, soil near sulfur mines, or bacterial solutions from mature desulfurization systems. These sources should be fed into the reaction device in a certain proportion, and appropriate amounts of nutrients such as nitrogen sources (ammonium chloride, urea) and phosphorus sources (potassium dihydrogen phosphate) should be added to meet the growth needs of microorganisms.

　　馴化階段是培養(yǎng)的關(guān)鍵，需逐步提高體系中硫化氫的濃度，讓微生物逐漸適應(yīng)高硫化物環(huán)境。初始階段可將硫化氫濃度控制在較低水平（如 50-100ppm），待微生物活性穩(wěn)定、脫硫效率達到 80% 以上后，再緩慢提升濃度，每次增幅不超過 50ppm，間隔時間不少于 3 天。在此過程中，需持續(xù)監(jiān)測體系的 pH 值、溫度和硫化物濃度變化，及時調(diào)整運行參數(shù)，避免環(huán)境劇烈波動影響微生物生長。

　　The domestication stage is the key to cultivation, which requires gradually increasing the concentration of hydrogen sulfide in the system to allow microorganisms to adapt to high sulfide environments. In the initial stage, the concentration of hydrogen sulfide can be controlled at a lower level (such as 50-100ppm). After the microbial activity stabilizes and the desulfurization efficiency reaches over 80%, the concentration can be slowly increased, with each increase not exceeding 50ppm and an interval of no less than 3 days. During this process, it is necessary to continuously monitor changes in the pH value, temperature, and sulfide concentration of the system, adjust operating parameters in a timely manner, and avoid environmental fluctuations that may affect microbial growth.

　　穩(wěn)定階段的標志是微生物群落結(jié)構(gòu)穩(wěn)定，脫硫效率保持在 90% 以上，且能適應(yīng)沼氣中硫化物濃度的正常波動。此時可減少營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)的添加量，僅根據(jù)監(jiān)測結(jié)果補充消耗的氮、磷元素，同時保持反應(yīng)條件的穩(wěn)定，確保微生物持續(xù)高效發(fā)揮脫硫作用。

　　The hallmark of the stable stage is the stable microbial community structure, with a desulfurization efficiency of over 90%, and the ability to adapt to normal fluctuations in sulfide concentration in biogas. At this point, the amount of nutrients added can be reduced, and only the consumed nitrogen and phosphorus elements can be supplemented based on monitoring results, while maintaining stable reaction conditions to ensure that microorganisms continue to efficiently exert their desulfurization effect.

　　培養(yǎng)過程中還需注意避免有毒物質(zhì)的干擾，沼氣中可能含有的重金屬離子、揮發(fā)性有機物等會抑制微生物活性，需在氣體進入反應(yīng)裝置前進行預(yù)處理，去除這些有害物質(zhì)。另外，攪拌裝置的運行狀態(tài)也很重要，良好的攪拌能使微生物、底物（硫化氫）和氧氣充分接觸，提高反應(yīng)效率，通常攪拌速率控制在 50-100r/min 為宜。

　　During the cultivation process, attention should also be paid to avoiding the interference of toxic substances. Heavy metal ions, volatile organic compounds, etc. that may be contained in biogas can inhibit microbial activity. Pre treatment should be carried out before the gas enters the reaction device to remove these harmful substances. In addition, the operating status of the stirring device is also important. Good stirring can ensure sufficient contact between microorganisms, substrates (hydrogen sulfide), and oxygen, improving reaction efficiency. The stirring rate is usually controlled at 50-100r/min.

　　通過科學控制培養(yǎng)條件、規(guī)范操作流程，可培育出高效穩(wěn)定的脫硫微生物群落，為沼氣生物脫硫系統(tǒng)的長期運行提供保障，既降低了沼氣利用過程中的腐蝕風險，又減少了硫化物排放對環(huán)境的影響，實現(xiàn)了經(jīng)濟效益與環(huán)保效益的統(tǒng)一。

　　By scientifically controlling the cultivation conditions and standardizing the operating procedures, efficient and stable desulfurization microbial communities can be cultivated, providing guarantees for the long-term operation of biogas biological desulfurization systems. This not only reduces the corrosion risk during biogas utilization, but also reduces the impact of sulfide emissions on the environment, achieving the unity of economic and environmental benefits.

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