運行厭氧反應器的工程師知道，厭氧反應會產(chǎn)生沼氣，該沼氣通常包含一定量的硫化氫(H2S)。 不同的工業(yè)廢水中沼氣中硫化氫的含量也不同。 如果硫化氫含量太高，則在進入鍋爐之前必須去除沼氣中的硫化氫，以免腐蝕管道和鍋爐。 今天，我們將介紹當前的沼氣技術(shù)。
Engineers running anaerobic reactors know that anaerobic reactions produce biogas, which usually contains a certain amount of hydrogen sulfide (H2S). The content of hydrogen sulfide in biogas is different in different industrial wastewater. If the content of hydrogen sulfide is too high, the hydrogen sulfide in biogas must be removed before entering the boiler, so as to avoid corrosion of pipes and boilers. Today, we will introduce the current advanced biogas technology.
1.沼氣來源
1. Biogas source
沼氣通常來自于污水的厭氧處理，糞便，秸稈發(fā)酵，石油和天然氣等。提純后的沼氣可以用作清潔能源，代替天然氣和煤炭用于發(fā)電，供熱，蒸汽生產(chǎn)等。 分離出的硫化氫氣體被轉(zhuǎn)化。 它是一種固體生物硫，可以用作化肥和化學工業(yè)的原料。 沼氣可通過吸收和凈化用于能源凈化，既節(jié)省能源，減少排放，又節(jié)省了生產(chǎn)成本。
Biogas usually comes from anaerobic treatment of sewage, manure, straw fermentation, oil and natural gas, etc. The purified biogas can be used as clean energy instead of natural gas and coal for power generation, heating and steam production. The separated hydrogen sulfide gas is transformed. It is a kind of solid biological sulfur, which can be used as raw material of chemical fertilizer and chemical industry. Biogas can be used for energy purification through absorption and purification, which not only saves energy, reduces emissions, but also saves production costs.
2.沼氣的價值
2. The value of Biogas
1m3沼氣≈0.65m3天然氣≈0.7kg標準煤≈7.5kg蒸汽≈1.8kwh電，按工業(yè)天然氣3.0元/立方米計算，使用1立方米沼氣可節(jié)省1.95元。
1 m3 biogas ≈ 0.65m3 natural gas ≈ 0.7kg standard coal ≈ 7.5kg steam ≈ 1.8kwh electricity, calculated by 3.0 yuan / m3 of industrial natural gas, 1.95 yuan can be saved by using 1 cubic meter of biogas.
2.沼氣脫硫與煙氣脫硫的區(qū)別
2. The difference between biogas desulfurization and flue gas desulfurization
盡管沼氣脫硫和煙氣脫硫都是脫硫，但它們是完全不同的過程。 煙氣脫硫從工業(yè)廢氣中去除了二氧化硫，SO2和SO3。 我們經(jīng)常說脫硫和反硝化是指去除二氧化硫。 沼氣脫硫是指從沼氣中去除硫化氫(H2S)，以減少后續(xù)管道，燃燒鍋爐或發(fā)電機的腐蝕。
Although both biogas desulfurization and flue gas desulfurization are desulfurization, they are totally different processes. Flue gas desulfurization removes sulfur dioxide, SO2 and SO3 from industrial waste gas. We often say that desulfurization and denitrification refer to the removal of sulfur dioxide. Biogas desulfurization refers to the removal of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) from biogas to reduce the corrosion of subsequent pipelines, combustion boilers or generators.
3.什么是沼氣?
3. What is biogas?
沼氣(簡稱沼氣脫硫)是一種利用生物菌株從沼氣中去除高腐蝕性，劇毒的硫化氫氣體的方法。 該工藝具有自動化程度高，工藝簡單，運行成本低的優(yōu)點。
Biogas (biogas desulfurization) is a method to remove highly corrosive and toxic hydrogen sulfide from biogas by biological strains. The process has the advantages of high automation, simple process and low operation cost.
工藝原理
Process principle
厭氧發(fā)酵產(chǎn)生的沼氣進入洗滌塔，并與堿性循環(huán)噴霧器進行吸收反應，從沼氣中去除硫化氫。 吸收富液的硫化氫返回到生物反應器中，通過生物轉(zhuǎn)化將硫化氫轉(zhuǎn)化為固體元素硫，并將溶液再生為堿性吸收液(也變?yōu)橄∫?，可用于洗滌沼氣， 從而實現(xiàn)了吸收劑的再循環(huán)和再循環(huán)。 硫固體的分離通過硫沉淀器實現(xiàn)。
The biogas generated by anaerobic fermentation enters the washing tower and absorbs and reacts with the basic circulation sprayer to remove hydrogen sulfide from the biogas. The hydrogen sulfide absorbed from the rich liquid is returned to the bioreactor, and the hydrogen sulfide is converted into solid sulfur by biotransformation, and the solution is regenerated into alkaline absorption solution (also into dilute liquid), which can be used to wash biogas, so as to realize the recycling and recycling of absorbent. The separation of sulfur solid is realized by sulfur precipitator.
該過程將弱堿性條件下硫化氫的物理化學吸收與堿性溶液在空氣中的生物再生結(jié)合在一起。 含有硫化氫的沼氣進入洗滌器，在洗滌器中被吸收硫化氫的堿性溶液洗滌，處理后的沼氣中硫化氫的去除率高達99.5%。 經(jīng)過系統(tǒng)處理后，沼氣可用于氣體發(fā)生器發(fā)電，用作鍋爐燃料或輸入當?shù)氐男⌒腿細夤W(wǎng)絡。
This process combines the physical and chemical absorption of hydrogen sulfide under weak alkaline conditions with the biological regeneration of alkaline solution in air. The biogas containing hydrogen sulfide enters into the scrubber and is washed by the alkaline solution of hydrogen sulfide absorbed in the scrubber. The removal rate of hydrogen sulfide in the treated biogas is as high as 99.5%. After being processed by the system, biogas can be used for gas generator power generation, boiler fuel or local small gas supply network.
幾乎不含硫化氫的沼氣從洗滌塔頂部逸出，含硫化氫的溶液流入生物反應器，在限制氧氣供應的條件下，其被氧化成元素硫和堿。 該系統(tǒng)的少量廢水(包括鈉鹽)和副產(chǎn)品硫都不含硫化物，并且排放沒有問題。
Almost no hydrogen sulfide gas escapes from the top of the scrubber, and the solution containing hydrogen sulfide flows into the bioreactor. Under the condition of limiting oxygen supply, it is oxidized to elemental sulfur and alkali. A small amount of waste water (including sodium salt) and by-product sulfur in the system do not contain sulfide, and there is no problem to discharge.
4.的技術(shù)優(yōu)勢
4. Technical advantages of
-全自動無人值守，高度穩(wěn)定可靠。
-Automatic unattended, highly stable and reliable.
-深度去除硫化氫(出口硫化氫含量50-100ppm)
-Deep removal of hydrogen sulfide (outlet hydrogen sulfide content 50-100ppm)
-寬容范圍內(nèi)的氣體流量和硫負荷波動
-Gas flow and sulfur load fluctuation within tolerance range
-沼氣不被空氣稀釋：沼氣與空氣之間存在嚴格的物理隔離
-Biogas is not diluted by air: there is strict physical isolation between biogas and air
-僅少量的堿，水和營養(yǎng)
-Only a small amount of alkali, water and nutrients
-沒有堵塞和污垢的風險，因此減少了維護
-There is no risk of clogging and fouling, so maintenance is reduced
-常溫常壓運行
-Normal temperature and normal pressure operation
-產(chǎn)生元素硫：可用作肥料和農(nóng)藥
-Produce elemental sulfur: can be used as fertilizer and pesticide
5.應用領(lǐng)域
5. Application fields
沼氣技術(shù)被廣泛應用于各個領(lǐng)域。 污水厭氧處理，糞便，秸稈發(fā)酵以及由石油和天然氣產(chǎn)生的沼氣中硫化氫的含量過高。
Biogas technology is widely used in various fields. The content of hydrogen sulfide in sewage anaerobic treatment, feces, straw fermentation and biogas produced by oil and natural gas is too high.
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2020-11-16
