多年來(lái)，得益于中央投資的帶動(dòng)，沼氣事業(yè)得到了快速發(fā)展。截至目前，我國(guó)沼氣總產(chǎn)量為158億立方米，這意味著未來(lái)5年內(nèi)，沼氣總產(chǎn)量將再增31.1%。總體來(lái)說(shuō)，沼氣正在逐步由過(guò)去的以戶用沼氣為主向多元化發(fā)展新格局轉(zhuǎn)變。在這里沼氣生物脫硫設(shè)備廠家也提示大家，生物天然氣工程是一個(gè)更為復(fù)雜的系統(tǒng)，從原料收集到生產(chǎn)過(guò)程再到副產(chǎn)品的利用消納都必須保證中間環(huán)節(jié)的通暢，其整個(gè)過(guò)程就必須要集中的監(jiān)測(cè)技術(shù)作為支撐，才能實(shí)現(xiàn)高效運(yùn)行，進(jìn)而顯著提高經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。
Over the years, China's biogas industry has developed rapidly, driven by central investment. Up to now, China's total biogas production is 15.8 billion cubic meters, which means that in the next five years, the total biogas production will increase by 31.1%. Generally speaking, biogas in China is gradually changing from household biogas to a new pattern of diversified development. Here biogas bio-desulfurization equipment manufacturers also remind you that biogas engineering is a more complex system, from raw material collection to production process to by-product utilization and absorption must ensure the smooth middle link, the whole process must be centralized monitoring technology as support, in order to achieve efficient operation, and thus significantly improve economic efficiency.
一、優(yōu)化監(jiān)測(cè)與厭氧發(fā)酵
I. Optimizing Monitoring and Anaerobic Fermentation
厭氧消化器是大中型沼氣工程的核心設(shè)備，微生物的繁殖、有機(jī)物的分解轉(zhuǎn)化、沼氣的生成都是在消化器里進(jìn)行的。厭氧發(fā)酵是一個(gè)復(fù)雜的過(guò)程,預(yù)處理、接種比例、總固體濃度、原料、溫度和外源添加物等因素都對(duì)厭氧發(fā)酵有顯著影響。因此，除了要根據(jù)發(fā)酵原料選擇適宜的工藝類型和消化器結(jié)構(gòu)，通過(guò)監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)掌握厭氧消化器的運(yùn)行情況也是保障沼氣工程高效運(yùn)行的重點(diǎn)。通過(guò)監(jiān)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)厭氧發(fā)酵工藝進(jìn)行深入研究，探索改良性能的潛在可能，對(duì)發(fā)酵條件進(jìn)行及時(shí)調(diào)整及優(yōu)化，對(duì)提升產(chǎn)氣效率和提高甲烷含量具有重要意義。
Anaerobic digester is the core equipment of large and medium-sized biogas engineering. Microbial reproduction, decomposition and transformation of organic matter and biogas production are carried out in digester. Anaerobic fermentation is a complex process. Pretreatment, inoculation ratio, total solid concentration, raw materials, temperature and Exogenous Additives all have significant effects on anaerobic fermentation. Therefore, besides choosing suitable process type and digester structure according to fermentation raw materials, it is also the key point to ensure the efficient operation of biogas project to master the operation of anaerobic digester through monitoring system. Through the monitoring data, the anaerobic fermentation process is deeply studied, the potential of improving performance is explored, and the fermentation conditions are adjusted and optimized in time. It is of great significance to improve gas production efficiency and methane content.
二、優(yōu)化監(jiān)測(cè)與沼氣提純
2. Optimizing Monitoring and Biogas Purification
沼氣的主要成分是CH4和CO2，此外，還含有一些其他微量成分，如H2、H2S等。沼氣并入天然氣網(wǎng)，或用于車用燃料、發(fā)電、燃料電池等，一般都對(duì)其各組分有嚴(yán)格的要求。例如，沼氣中通常含有60%以上的甲烷，而汽車天然氣甲烷含量在90%以上。因此，需要通過(guò)采用變壓吸附(PSA)、水洗、碳酸丙烯酯和堿溶液吸收等物理和化學(xué)方法，對(duì)沼氣去雜純化，使之成為CH4含量高、熱值和雜質(zhì)氣體組分品質(zhì)符合天然氣標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求的高品質(zhì)生物天然氣。
The main components of biogas are CH4 and CO2. In addition, it contains some other trace components, such as H2, H2S and so on. The incorporation of biogas into natural gas networks, or for automotive fuels, power generation, fuel cells and so on, generally has strict requirements on its components. For example, biogas usually contains more than 60% methane, while automobile natural gas contains more than 90% methane. Therefore, it is necessary to purify biogas by pressure swing adsorption (PSA), water washing, propylene carbonate and alkali solution absorption and other physical and chemical methods to make it a high quality biogas with high CH4 content, high calorific value and quality of impurity gas components in line with the requirements of natural gas standards.
沼氣經(jīng)提純成為生物天然氣，既可替代汽油，也可替代現(xiàn)有的CNG作為車用燃料。與天然氣相比，它具有可利用廢棄物生產(chǎn)、不受氣源和地域限制、可再生等特點(diǎn)。日產(chǎn)沼氣3至4萬(wàn)立方米的沼氣工程，提純后可產(chǎn)2萬(wàn)立方米以上天然氣，效益十分可觀。使用沼氣分析儀監(jiān)測(cè)甲烷含量，掌握甲烷回收率、脫硫效率等關(guān)鍵數(shù)據(jù)，并據(jù)此進(jìn)行厭氧發(fā)酵、提純過(guò)程的工藝優(yōu)化，可以顯著提高沼氣和生物天然氣工程的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。相應(yīng)的，對(duì)沼氣工程各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)疏于管理，則會(huì)直接造成利潤(rùn)下滑，這也是為什么我國(guó)中小型沼氣工程多數(shù)虧損的重要原因之一。
Biogas is purified into biogas, which can replace gasoline and CNG as vehicle fuel. Compared with natural gas, it has the characteristics of reusable waste production, free from gas sources and geographical restrictions, and renewable. The biogas project which produces 30,000 to 40,000 cubic meters of biogas per day can produce more than 20,000 cubic meters of natural gas after purification, with considerable benefits. Using biogas analyzer to monitor methane content, grasp key data such as methane recovery rate and desulfurization efficiency, and optimize the process of anaerobic fermentation and purification accordingly, can significantly improve the economic benefits of biogas and biogas engineering. Correspondingly, the neglect of management of each link of biogas project will directly lead to a decline in profits, which is one of the important reasons why most of the small and medium-sized biogas projects in China are losing money.
三、優(yōu)化監(jiān)測(cè)與熱電聯(lián)產(chǎn)
3. Optimizing Monitoring and Cogeneration
在熱電聯(lián)產(chǎn)項(xiàng)目中，燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)和熱交換器被用來(lái)加熱厭氧消化池和發(fā)電。沼氣驅(qū)動(dòng)的燃?xì)獍l(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)，通常要求沼氣預(yù)處理系統(tǒng)的硫化氫（H2S）去除能力達(dá)到99.9%，因此需要進(jìn)行沼氣質(zhì)量檢驗(yàn)。持續(xù)的沼氣監(jiān)測(cè)使得燃料條件達(dá)到要求，從而保護(hù)發(fā)電機(jī)不會(huì)因?yàn)槌霈F(xiàn)損壞和非計(jì)劃停用而造成收益損失，并且能夠幫助工作人員對(duì)內(nèi)部再循環(huán)率和預(yù)處理水平進(jìn)行調(diào)整，起到優(yōu)化燃燒的作用。可以進(jìn)一步說(shuō)，提高燃燒效率和設(shè)備利用時(shí)間就是提高生物天然氣工程的利潤(rùn)空間。
In cogeneration projects, gas turbines and heat exchangers are used to heat anaerobic digestion cells and generate electricity. Gas engine driven by biogas usually requires hydrogen sulfide (H2S) removal capacity of biogas pretreatment system to reach 99.9%. Therefore, biogas quality inspection is needed. Continuous biogas monitoring enables fuel conditions to meet requirements, thus protecting generators from loss of profits due to damage and unplanned outage, and helping staff adjust internal recycling rate and pretreatment level to optimize combustion. It can be further said that improving combustion efficiency and equipment utilization time is to improve the profit margin of biogas engineering.
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2019-06-14
